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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 34(4): 241-247, mayo 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-180814

RESUMO

Introducción: El examen de la sensibilidad al contraste permite determinar la calidad de la función visual en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las modificaciones evolutivas de la función visual en pacientes con EM remitente-recurrente. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal de 61 pacientes clasificados en 3 grupos: a) pacientes libres de enfermedad (grupo control); b) pacientes con EM y sin antecedentes de neuritis óptica (NO), y c) pacientes con EM y antecedentes de NO unilateral. A todos los pacientes se les realizó una exploración oftalmológica que incluía agudeza visual y test de sensibilidad al contraste tipo Pelli-Robson mono y binocularmente, tanto al inicio como a los 6 años de seguimiento. Resultados: La sensibilidad al contraste monocular en pacientes con EM con y sin antecedentes de NO fue significativamente inferior al grupo control tanto al inicio (p=0,00 y p=0,01) como a los 6 años (p = 0,01 y p = 0,02), manteniéndose estable a lo largo del seguimiento excepto en el grupo de pacientes con NO en el cual existe una pérdida significativa de sensibilidad al contraste (p = 0,01). La agudeza visual y la sensibilidad al contraste binocular al inicio y a los 6 años de seguimiento fueron significativamente inferiores en el grupo de pacientes con antecedentes de NO que en el grupo control (p = 0,003 y p = 0,002; p = 0,006 y p = 0,005) y con EM sin NO (p = 0,04 y p = 0,038; p = 0,008 y p = 0,01); sin embargo, no encontramos diferencias significativas en el seguimiento (p = 0,1 y p = 0,5). Conclusiones: El test de Pelli-Robson monocular podría servir como marcador evolutivo del deterioro de la función visual en ojos con NO


Introduction: The contrast sensitivity test determines the quality of visual function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to analyse changes in visual function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON). Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study including 61 patients classified into 3 groups as follows: a) disease-free patients (control group); b) patients with MS and no history of ON; and c) patients with MS and a history of unilateral ON. All patients underwent baseline and 6-year follow-up ophthalmologic examinations, which included visual acuity and monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity tests. Results: Monocular contrast sensitivity was significantly lower in MS patients with and without a history of ON than in controls both at baseline (P=.00 and P=.01, respectively) and at 6 years (P=.01 and P=.02). Patients with MS and no history of ON remained stable throughout follow-up whereas those with a history of ON displayed a significant loss of contrast sensitivity (P=.01). Visual acuity and binocular contrast sensitivity at baseline and at 6 years was significantly lower in the group of patients with a history of ON than in the control group (P=.003 and P=.002 vs P=.006 and P=.005) and the group with no history of ON (P=.04 and P=.038 vs P=.008 and P=.01). However, no significant differences were found in follow-up results (P=.1 and P=.5). Conclusions: Monocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test may be used to detect changes in visual function in patients with ON


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Neurite Óptica/epidemiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Seleção Visual/métodos , Sensibilidades de Contraste/fisiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Testes Visuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 34(4): 241-247, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28318736

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The contrast sensitivity test determines the quality of visual function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to analyse changes in visual function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON). METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal study including 61 patients classified into 3 groups as follows: a) disease-free patients (control group); b) patients with MS and no history of ON; and c) patients with MS and a history of unilateral ON. All patients underwent baseline and 6-year follow-up ophthalmologic examinations, which included visual acuity and monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity tests. RESULTS: Monocular contrast sensitivity was significantly lower in MS patients with and without a history of ON than in controls both at baseline (P=.00 and P=.01, respectively) and at 6 years (P=.01 and P=.02). Patients with MS and no history of ON remained stable throughout follow-up whereas those with a history of ON displayed a significant loss of contrast sensitivity (P=.01). Visual acuity and binocular contrast sensitivity at baseline and at 6 years was significantly lower in the group of patients with a history of ON than in the control group (P=.003 and P=.002 vs P=.006 and P=.005) and the group with no history of ON (P=.04 and P=.038 vs P=.008 and P=.01). However, no significant differences were found in follow-up results (P=.1 and P=.5). CONCLUSIONS: Monocular Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test may be used to detect changes in visual function in patients with ON.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/fisiopatologia , Neurite Óptica/fisiopatologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Sensibilidades de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Visuais
3.
Rev Neurol ; 66(9): 297-302, 2018 May 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29696616

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a tool that is increasingly more commonly used in the study of neuro-degenerative diseases. AIMS: To analyse and correlate the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) by means of time-domain and spectral-domain OCT in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), with and without a history of optic neuritis (ON). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of the thickness (mean and by quadrants) of the RNFL of 15 disease-free subjects, 28 with MS with no prior history of ON and 18 with a history of ON. The full ophthalmologic examination included measurement of the RNFL by means of time-domain and spectral-domain tomography. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences are found between the two tomography scans on comparing the mean thickness of the RNFL of the control group (p = 0.000), the group with a history of ON (p = 0.000) and the group without ON (p = 0.000). We obtained a strong, statistically significant and directly proportional correlation between the mean thickness of the RNFL measured with the two types of tomography in the control group (rho = 0.842; p = 0.000), and the groups of eyes without ON (rho = 0.91; p = 0.000) and with ON (rho = 0.902; p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong correlation between the two tomography scans in the measurement of the thickness of the RNFL in patients with MS, with and without a history of ON. Time-domain OCT quantifies greater thicknesses, and therefore both types of tomography have proven to be effective in the study of MS, although the results cannot be interchanged or extrapolated.


TITLE: Analisis de las diferencias cuantitativas en el grosor de la capa de fibras nerviosas retiniana entre la tomografia de coherencia optica de dominio-tiempo y de dominio-espectral en pacientes con esclerosis multiple remitente recurrente.Introduccion. La tomografia de coherencia optica (OCT) es una herramienta cada vez mas extendida en el estudio de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Objetivos. Analizar y correlacionar el grosor de la capa de fibras nerviosas retiniana (CFNR) mediante OCT de dominio-tiempo y dominio-espectral en pacientes con esclerosis multiple (EM) remitente recurrente, con y sin antecedente de neuritis optica (NO). Sujetos y metodos. Estudio transversal del grosor medio y por cuadrantes de la CFNR en 15 sujetos libres de enfermedad, 28 con EM sin historia previa de NO y 18 con antecedentes de NO. La exploracion oftalmologica completa incluia la medicion de la CFNR mediante tomografos de dominio-tiempo y dominio-espectral. Resultados. Existen diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre ambos tomografos al comparar el grosor medio de la CFNR en el grupo control (p = 0,000), el grupo con antecedentes de NO (p = 0,000) y el grupo sin NO (p = 0,000). Hemos obtenido una fuerte correlacion, estadisticamente significativa y directamente proporcional entre el grosor medio de la CFNR medido con ambos tomografos en el grupo control (rho = 0,842; p = 0,000), y los grupos de ojos sin NO (rho = 0,91; p = 0,000) y con NO (rho = 0,902; p = 0,000). Conclusiones. Existe una fuerte correlacion en la medicion del grosor de la CFNR entre ambos tomografos en pacientes con EM, con y sin antecedente de NO. La OCT de dominio-tiempo cuantifica grosores mayores, por lo que ambos tomografos se demuestran eficaces en el estudio de la EM, aunque los resultados no son intercambiables ni extrapolables.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/patologia , Fibras Nervosas Amielínicas/ultraestrutura , Retina/ultraestrutura , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Adulto , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/complicações , Neurite Óptica/etiologia , Neurite Óptica/patologia , Acuidade Visual
4.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 31(6): 379-388, jul.-ago. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154452

RESUMO

Introducción: Evaluar cuantitativamente el grosor macular y de la capa de fibras nerviosas en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple en relación con la escala expandida del estado de discapacidad (EDSS) con o sin antecedentes previos de neuritis óptica. Métodos: Sesenta y dos pacientes diagnosticados de esclerosis múltiple (53 remitente recidivante y 9 secundariamente progresiva) y 12 libres de enfermedad fueron reclutados para el estudio. Se les realizó una exploración oftalmológica, incluyendo el análisis cuantitativo de la capa de fibras nerviosas retinianas y el grosor macular mediante tomografía óptica de coherencia. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según la escala EDSS en: A: inferior a 1,5; B: entre 1,5 y 3,5, y C: superior a 3,5. Resultados: El grosor medio ± desviación estándar de la capa de fibras nerviosas en los grupos control, A, B y C fue de 103,35 ± 12,62, 99,04 ± 14,35, 93,59 ± 15,41 y 87,36 ± 18,75 μm, respectivamente, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05). En pacientes sin una historia previa de neuritis, o con un episodio de esta patología entre 3 y 6 meses de evolución o anterior a 6 meses, el grosor medio fue de 99,25 ± 13,71, 93,92 ± 13,30, 80,07 ± 15,91 μm, respectivamente, con diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). El grosor macular medio en el grupo control, A, B y C se situó en 220,01 ± 12,07, 217,78 ± 20,02, 217,68 ± 20,77 y 219,04 ± 24,26 μm, respectivamente. Las diferencias observadas entre grupos no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: El grosor medio de la capa de fibras nerviosas en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple se relaciona con el nivel en la escala EDSS. Los pacientes con historia previa de neuritis óptica cursan con una disminución del grosor de esta capa respecto a aquellos sin antecedentes de neuritis. El grosor macular no se relaciona con el grado de afectación en la EDSS


Introduction: Quantitative assessment of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness in multiple sclerosis patients with regard to expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and presence or absence of previous optic neuritis episodes. Methods: We recruited 62 patients with multiple sclerosis (53 relapsing-remitting and 9 secondary progressive) and 12 disease-free controls. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, including quantitative analysis of the nerve fibre layer and macular thickness using optical coherence tomography. Patients were classified according to EDSS as A (lower than 1.5), B (between 1.5 and 3.5), and C (above 3.5). Results: Mean nerve fibre layer thickness in control, A, B, and C groups was 103.35 ± 12.62, 99.04 ± 14.35, 93.59 ± 15.41, and 87.36 ± 18.75 μm respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < .05). In patients with no history of optic neuritis, history of episodes in the last 3 to 6 months, or history longer than 6 months, mean nerve fibre layer thickness was 99.25 ± 13.71, 93.92 ± 13.30 and 80.07 ± 15.91 μm respectively; differences were significant (P < .05). Mean macular thickness in control, A, B, and C groups was 220.01 ± 12.07, 217.78 ± 20.02, 217.68 ± 20.77, and 219.04 ± 24.26 μm respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in multiple sclerosis patients is related to the EDSS level. Patients with previous optic neuritis episodes have a thinner retinal nerve fibre layer than patients with no history of these episodes. Mean macular thickness is not correlated to EDSS leve


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Fibras Nervosas/ultraestrutura , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Neurite Óptica/complicações , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico , Neurite Óptica/fisiopatologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentação , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Intervalos de Confiança
5.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 91(5): 223-227, mayo 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151392

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Analizar el grosor coroideo macular (GCM) en la neuropatía óptica isquémica anterior no arterítica (NOIA-NA). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 22 pacientes diagnosticados de NOIA-NA (22 ojos) y 42 sujetos sanos (42 ojos) fueron estudiados usando tomografía de coherencia óptica con técnica Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI-OCT). Se realizó un escáner de una línea horizontal centrado en la fóvea 3 meses después del inicio de NOIA-NA. Se tomaron 3 medidas desde la parte posterior del epitelio pigmentario hasta la unión esclerocoroidea a intervalos de 500 μm en las 1.500 μm centrales de la mácula. Los resultados fueron analizados estadísticamente comparando la media de GCM entre grupos y correlacionando el GCM con otros parámetros oculares y sistémicos. RESULTADOS: Excepto en el error refractivo (p = 0,01), no hubo diferencias significativas en longitud axial (p = 0,53), edad (p = 0,88) ni en otros parámetros oculares ni epidemiológicos entre grupos. La media de GCM en la NOIA-NA y en el grupo control fue 236,21 ± 63,29 μm y 269,13 ± 52,28, respectivamente. La media del GCM fue significativamente más delgada en ojos con NOIA-NA que en sanos (p = 0,03). El adelgazamiento del GCM estuvo asociado con el diagnóstico de NOIA-NA después de ajustar por error refractivo (p = 0,04). CONCLUSIONES: Los ojos afectos con NOIA-NA mostraron un GCM significativamente más adelgazado que en sujetos sanos, después de ajustar por error refractivo


OBJECTIVE: To analyse macular choroidal thickness (MCT) in non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis was made on 22 patients diagnosed with NAION (22 eyes) and 42 healthy controls (42 eyes) using enhanced-depth imaging of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A horizontal raster scan centred on the fovea was obtained per eye 3 months after the onset of NAION. Three measurements of MCT were obtained from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid-sclera junction at 500 μm intervals. Statistical analysis was used to compare the mean MCT and to correlate MCT with other ocular and systemic parameters. RESULTS: Except for refractive error (P=.01), there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in axial length (P=.53), age (P=.88) and other epidemiological and ocular parameters. Mean MCT in NAION eyes and control group was 236.21 ± 63.29 μm and 269.13 ± 52.28, respectively. Mean MCT was significantly thinner in NAION eyes than in healthy eyes (P=.03). Thinner MCT, adjusted for refractive error, was associated with the diagnosis of NAION (P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: Eyes affected by NAION showed significantly thinner MCT compared with healthy control eyes after adjusting for refractive error


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Corioide/fisiologia , Corioide/lesões , Doenças da Coroide/complicações , Doenças da Coroide/patologia , Doenças da Coroide/prevenção & controle , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/complicações , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/prevenção & controle , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/fisiopatologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/instrumentação , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Espanha
6.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 91(5): 223-7, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26832627

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyse macular choroidal thickness (MCT) in non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analysis was made on 22 patients diagnosed with NAION (22 eyes) and 42 healthy controls (42 eyes) using enhanced-depth imaging of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A horizontal raster scan centred on the fovea was obtained per eye 3 months after the onset of NAION. Three measurements of MCT were obtained from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid-sclera junction at 500µm intervals. Statistical analysis was used to compare the mean MCT and to correlate MCT with other ocular and systemic parameters. RESULTS: Except for refractive error (P=.01), there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in axial length (P=.53), age (P=.88) and other epidemiological and ocular parameters. Mean MCT in NAION eyes and control group was 236.21±63.29µm and 269.13±52.28, respectively. Mean MCT was significantly thinner in NAION eyes than in healthy eyes (P=.03). Thinner MCT, adjusted for refractive error, was associated with the diagnosis of NAION (P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: Eyes affected by NAION showed significantly thinner MCT compared with healthy control eyes after adjusting for refractive error.


Assuntos
Corioide/patologia , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Erros de Refração
7.
Neurologia ; 31(6): 379-88, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25529178

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Quantitative assessment of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness in multiple sclerosis patients with regard to expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and presence or absence of previous optic neuritis episodes. METHODS: We recruited 62 patients with multiple sclerosis (53 relapsing-remitting and 9 secondary progressive) and 12 disease-free controls. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, including quantitative analysis of the nerve fibre layer and macular thickness using optical coherence tomography. Patients were classified according to EDSS as A (lower than 1.5), B (between 1.5 and 3.5), and C (above 3.5). RESULTS: Mean nerve fibre layer thickness in control, A, B, and C groups was 103.35±12.62, 99.04±14.35, 93.59±15.41, and 87.36±18.75µm respectively, with statistically significant differences (P<.05). In patients with no history of optic neuritis, history of episodes in the last 3 to 6 months, or history longer than 6 months, mean nerve fibre layer thickness was 99.25±13.71, 93.92±13.30 and 80.07±15.91µm respectively; differences were significant (P<.05). Mean macular thickness in control, A, B, and C groups was 220.01±12.07, 217.78±20.02, 217.68±20.77, and 219.04±24.26µm respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in multiple sclerosis patients is related to the EDSS level. Patients with previous optic neuritis episodes have a thinner retinal nerve fibre layer than patients with no history of these episodes. Mean macular thickness is not correlated to EDSS level.


Assuntos
Macula Lutea/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibras Nervosas , Neurite Óptica/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Avaliação da Deficiência , Olho/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica
8.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 89(9): 347-351, sept. 2014. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-128658

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilidad de la prueba de sensibilidad al contraste Pelli-Robson en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple, dependiendo de la escala expandida del estado de discapacidad (EDSS). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 62 pacientes diagnosticados de esclerosis múltiple y remitidos desde el Servicio de Neurología a la Unidad de Neurooftalmología del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según la escala EDSS en 3 grupos: A) inferior a 1,5; B) entre 1,5 y 3,5 y C) superior a 3,5. Se determinó la agudeza visual y la sensibilidad al contraste monocular y binocular mediante las pruebas de Snellen y Pelli-Robson, respectivamente. Un total de 12 pacientes libres de enfermedad fueron reclutados como grupo control. Se analizaron estadísticamente los resultados obtenidos. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de evolución de la enfermedad fue de 81,54 ± 35,32 meses. Los valores medios del Pelli-Robson monocular y binocular en el grupo control fueron 1,82 ± 0,10 y 1,93 ± 0,43, mientras que en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple fueron 1,61 ± 0,29 y 1,83 ± 0,19 respectivamente, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el análisis monocular para un nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Respecto al nivel de gravedad, los valores medios monoculares y binoculares de la prueba de Pelli-Robson fueron en el grupo A: 1,66 ± 0,24 y 1,90 ± 0,98; en el grupo B: 1,64 ± 0,21 y 1,82 ± 0,16 y en el grupo C: 1,47 ± 0,45 y 1,73 ± 0,32, respectivamente. Las diferencias entre grupos mostraron una significación estadística para ambas pruebas: p = 0,05 y p = 0,027. CONCLUSIONES: La sensibilidad al contraste, monocular y binocular, analizada mediante la prueba de Pelli-Robson disminuye significativamente según aumenta el nivel de gravedad medida con la escala EDSS en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple


OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test in multiple sclerosis patients according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 62 patients with multiple sclerosis were included in a retrospective study. Patients were enrolled from the Neurology Department to Neuroophthalmology at Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to EDSS: group A) lower than 1.5, group B) between 1.5 and 3.5 and group C) greater than 3.5. Visual acuity and monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity were performed with Snellen and Pelli-Robson tests respectively. Twelve disease-free control participants were also recruited. Correlations between parameter changes were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of the disease was 81.54 ± 35.32 months. Monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson mean values in the control group were 1.82 ± 0.10 and 1.93 ± 0.43 respectively, and 1.61 ± 0.29 and 1.83 ± 0.19 in multiple sclerosis patients. There were statistically significant differences in the monocular analysis for a level of significance P<0.05. Mean monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson values in relation to gravity level were, in group A: 1.66 ± 0.24 and 1.90 ± 0.98, group B: 1.64 ± 0.21 and 1.82 ± 0.16, and group C: 1.47 ± 0.45 and 1.73 ± 0.32 respectively. Group differences were statistically significant in both tests: P=0.05 and P=0.027. CONCLUSIONS: Monocular and binocular contrast discrimination analyzed using the Pelli-Robson test was found to be significantly lower when the severity level, according EDSS, increases in multiple sclerosis patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Neurite (Inflamação)/complicações , Neurite (Inflamação)/diagnóstico , Neurite (Inflamação) , Neurite Óptica/epidemiologia , Neurite Óptica/prevenção & controle , Sensibilidades de Contraste , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Visão Monocular
9.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol ; 89(9): 347-51, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24954414

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity test in multiple sclerosis patients according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 62 patients with multiple sclerosis were included in a retrospective study. Patients were enrolled from the Neurology Department to Neuroophthalmology at Virgen de la Victoria Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to EDSS: group A) lower than 1.5, group B) between 1.5 and 3.5 and group C) greater than 3.5. Visual acuity and monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity were performed with Snellen and Pelli-Robson tests respectively. Twelve disease-free control participants were also recruited. Correlations between parameter changes were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean duration of the disease was 81.54±35.32 months. Monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson mean values in the control group were 1.82±0.10 and 1.93±0.43 respectively, and 1.61±0.29 and 1.83±0.19 in multiple sclerosis patients. There were statistically significant differences in the monocular analysis for a level of significance P<.05. Mean monocular and binocular Pelli-Robson values in relation to gravity level were, in group A: 1.66±0.24 and 1.90±0.98, group B: 1.64±0.21 and 1.82±0.16, and group C: 1.47±0.45 and 1.73±0.32 respectively. Group differences were statistically significant in both tests: P=.05 and P=.027. CONCLUSIONS: Monocular and binocular contrast discrimination analyzed using the Pelli-Robson test was found to be significantly lower when the severity level, according EDSS, increases in multiple sclerosis patients.


Assuntos
Sensibilidades de Contraste , Esclerose Múltipla/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
10.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(6): 417-425, jun. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24458

RESUMO

Tiene importancia sentar las indicaciones y seleccionar adecuadamente a los pacientes que pueden beneficiarse de la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) y la esfinterostomía en la pancreatitis aguda, así como el momento de realizarlas. Pacientes de alto riesgo son los más jóvenes, de sexo femenino, con ausencia de obstrucción de la vía biliar, bilirrubina normal y con sospecha de disfunción del esfinter de Oddi. La prevención de la reactivación de la pancreatitis tras la técnica debe estar basada, principalmente, en las habilidades técnicas del endoscopista y en el adecuado soporte técnico. Sólo ciertos fármacos, como la somatostatina, el mesilato de gabexato y la interleucina-10 recombinante, han demostrado ser eficaces. La práctica temprana de la CPRE y esfinterostomía en las pancreatitis agudas biliares graves disminuye la mortalidad y la morbilidad, siempre que el cuadro clínico esté acompañado de obstrucción en la vía biliar, con o sin colangitis. El apoyo de medios diagnósticos de imagen, como la ecografía, que permite identificar la litiasis en la vía biliar, la existencia de ictericia, con monitorización de la bilirrubina y de las enzimas hepáticas desde el ingreso de los pacientes, pueden ser una guía para decidir el momento más adecuado. Merece destacar el papel potencial de la CPRE en las disrupciones del ducto pancreático (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pancreatite/etiologia , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efeitos adversos , Esfinterotomia Endoscópica/efeitos adversos , Pancreatite/prevenção & controle , Somatostatina/administração & dosagem , Gabexato/administração & dosagem , Interleucina-10/administração & dosagem , Fatores de Risco , Colelitíase/complicações
11.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(2): 80-92, feb. 2003. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-20340

RESUMO

Se analiza la importancia de la investigación en la patogenia de la pancreatitis aguda (PA) con estudios experimentales en animales. Cuando las investigaciones están orientadas en intervenciones terapéuticas no existe concordancia en los resultados, dado que los pacientes ingresan con varias horas de evolución. Se especifican los puntos que un modelo animal debe reunir para estudiar esta enfermedad.Se describen las causas etiológicas más importantes y su incidencia. La cascada de acontencimientos a escala celular y sistémica es similar en todas las etiologías y se inicia por bloqueo de la secreción de proteínas en los conductos acinares del páncreas, activándose el tripsinógeno dentro de la célula acinar y dando lugar al proceso de la autodigestión.El daño en las células acinares y en el endotelio vascular por las enzimas pancreáticas activadas conlleva la liberación de mediadores inflamatorios y trastornos en la microcirculación; según la extensión de estas lesiones se desencadena el grado de deterioro del tejido pancreático, sin estar claro los factores que pueden frenar la necrosis.Posteriormente se extiende el daño al espacio peripancreático y pasan a la circulación sistémica enzimas pancreáticas activadas y mediadores inflamatorios (citocinas),y según la respuesta inmunológica del paciente, se condiciona el grado de afectación general y la disfunción orgánica, causa de mortalidad tanto temprana como tardía (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Pancreatite/fisiopatologia , Pancreatite/epidemiologia , Pancreatite/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Incidência
12.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(2): 74-76, feb. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-20338

RESUMO

Se realiza un comentario de los artículos aportados por los diferentes autores de esta monografía, y se da relevancia a la importancia del diagnóstico de la pancreatitis aguda grave y del tratamiento interdisciplinario de esta enfermedad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pancreatite , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Doença Aguda
13.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 72(3): 267-71, 1998.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9810833

RESUMO

Living donors of femoral heads belong to a highly specific group in terms of age and pathological characteristic, forming the core of the group who supply many tissue banks with spongy bone, to cover the needs of several specialties in the field of repair and corrective surgery. Analysis for the presence of the hepatitis C virus in this population was conducted as a part of quality control programs, while habitual blood donors from the same geographical location were used as the control group. Although the comparison of results could give rise to erroneous interpretations, due to the lack of qualitative fit between the groups, a much higher incidence of infection by VHC was found in the donors of spongy bone than was the case for blood donors (3.816% vs. 0.569%), although a smaller proportion of donors had hepatic alterations (measured by transaminases). In spite of the fact that the prevalence of VHC is almost 6 times that corresponding to the control group, the elimination of live donors of spongy bone would create serious problems with supply to tissue banks. We therefore propose that more severe exclusion criteria be applied to the selection of bone donors, and also that sterilisation techniques be employed, using physical-chemical procedures (liophilisation, dehydration, chemical treatment, irradiation) to process these tissues. We also recommend that younger multiple organ tissue donors be used as sources of spongy bone for cold storage that is not to be subjected to any additional sterilisation treatment.


Assuntos
Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Bancos de Tecidos , Doadores de Tecidos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Cabeça do Fêmur/transplante , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C/transmissão , Hepatite C/virologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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